1. An adjective modifies a noun, as in 'The tall tree' or 'The tree is tall'.
2. An adverb can modify four parts of speech:
a. a verb
b. an adjective
c. another adverb
d. complete sentence
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Ex.: he is running quickly.
Ex.: He is extremely quick.
Ex.: He is running extremely
quickly.
Ex.: He will probably be running quickly.
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Adjectives do not turn into adverbs if modified by the following so-called
linking verbs (verbindende Verben):
to be - sein
to become - werden
to look - aussehen
to seem - scheinen
to taste - schmecken
to feel - fühlen
to appear - erscheinen
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to grow - werden
to turn - werden
to go - werden
to get - werden
to smell - riechen
to sound - klingen
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This does not apply to:
to look at - auf etwas sehen, ansehen
to look for - suchen
to look after - sich kümmern um
to look forward to - sich freuen auf
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Adverbs with and without the ending -ly, but with two different meanings:
Adjectives:
clear - klar
close - eng, nahe
deep - tief
direct - direkt
hard - hart, schwer
fair - fair
high - hoch
just - gerecht
late - spät
pretty - hübsch
right - richtig
most - am meisten |
Adverb 1 (without -ly)
clear - von weg
close - nahe
deep - tief
direct - direkt
hard - hart, kräftig
fair - fair
high - hoch
just - gerade
late - spät
pretty - ziemlich
right - richtig
most, the most - am meisten
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Adverb 2 (with -ly)
clear - klar, deutlich
closely - genau, vorsichtig
deeply - zutiefst
directly - sofort
hardly- kaum
fairly - gerecht
highly - höchst, sehr
justly - gerecht
lately - vor kurzem, kürzlich
prettily - hübsch, schön
rightly - zu Recht
mostly - meistens
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Exceptions:
Adjective
friendly
cowardly
surprised
astonished
difficult
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Adverb
in a friendly way
like a coward
in surprise
in great astonishment
with difficulty
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Comparison (Steigerung) of adverbs:
Positive
fast
high
gladly
loudly
quickly
slowly
well
badly
a little
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Comparative
faster
higher
more gladly
louder/more loudly
quicker/more quickly
slower/more slowly
better
worse
less
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Superlative
fastest
highest
most gladly
loudest/most loudly
quickest/most quickly
slowest/most slowly
best
worst
least
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Some German adjectives are rendered in English by verbs:
German
anscheinend
dauernd
früher, immer
gerne
lieber
sicher
wahrscheinlich
weiterhin
zufällig
leider
ob..wohl? |
English
to seem
to keep on
used to
to like
to prefer
to be sure
to be likely
to continue
to happen
to be afraid/sorry
to wonder
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