|
| e.g. ' to take' |
Active |
Passive |
| Present |
taking |
being taken |
| Past |
having taken |
having been taken |
| 2. Definition
of the gerund:
| The gerund is partly
a verb and partly a noun, as it is used in a sentence as
a noun either a the subject or the object of that sentence. In German it
is often referred to as 'substantiviertes Verb'. Although it is
actually not done, you can place a definite article ('the') in front of
the gerund and continue with 'of' after it. In the sentence : ' I like
(the) playing (of) soccer ' the words in the brackets are not used, but
it is a way of how to determine whether 'playing' is a gerund or not. And
what is more, gerunds are always connected with prepositions, in
contrast to participles which are usually connected with conjunctions
(when, although etc.). |
| 3. Application
(Anwendung) of the gerund:
As I said before,
the gerund can be applied in a sentence as a subject and as an object.
It is also often used after verbs, adjectives, nouns if those are closely
connected with prepositions. But it can also be seen right after prepositions
only. One can categorize these applications by the following groups: |
a. gerunds after
verbs + prepositions like:
succeed in, complain
of/about, worry about, talk of/about, insist on, rely on, look forward
to, dream of, prevent from |
b. gerunds after
adjectives + prepostions like:
to be afraid of,
to be interested in, to be proud of, to be tired of, to be exhausted with |
c. gerunds after
nouns +prepositions like:
chance of, possibility
of , opportunity of, difficulty (in), for fear of |
d. gerunds after
certain verbs or phrases like:
like, hate, don't
mind, enjoy, suggest, start, begin, continue, to be used to, to be accustomed
to, how about, it is worthwhile, it is no use, it is no good, deny, love,
prefer |
e. gerunds after
prepositions only:
after, before, by
(dadurch daß), for (wegen), from (von), in/on (bei, beim), in spite
of (trotz), instead of (statt), without (ohne) |
| Besonderheit:
Das erweiterte (extended)
gerund ist eine Besonderheit, da es durch ein Objekt , Pronomen oder Possessivpronomen
erweitert werden kann, wie z.B. im folgenden Beispiel:
' I hope you don't
mind me / my opening the window. ' |
|
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