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I. Questions asked with the help of 'to do'
II. Questions asked without the help of 'to do'

Ad I: Questions with 'to do'
You need 'to do' only in questions which are connected with the present and past tenses. Thus turning an affirmative sentence (Aussagesatz) into a question is done as follows:

	They	like	reading short stories.
Do	they	like	reading short stories?
	They	liked	swimming in the sea.
Did	they	like	swimming in the sea?
	She	goes	shopping every day.
Does	she	go	shopping every day?
	She	went	to see her friend in England.
Did	she	go	to see her friend in England?

From above questions you can generally conclude:
1. You simply place 'to do' in front of the affirmative sentence.
2. If you use 'did' or 'does', you drop the -ed or the -s from the main verb.

If you ask questions concerning place (where?), time (when?), reason (why?), manner (how?) or the object (whom?), you simply put these conjunctions in front of the yes/no-questions, e.g.:

Where	did	they	like	swimming? (place)
Who(m)	did	she	go	to see in England? (object)

Ad II: Questions without 'to do'
But look out! Whenever you ask a question concerning the subject of a sentence (who? with people / what? with things), you must not use 'to do', e.g.:

Who	went	to see her friend in England? (subject)
What	washes	the clothes? (subject)

Whenever questions are used in the progressive(continuous) forms (=-ing-forms) or in all tenses except for the present and past tenses or whenever there is a modal verb like must or can, you do not use 'to do', e.g.:

Is he reading a novel?

Has he read a lot?

Would you like to travel to London?

Can he swim?


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